What is Factor XI (Factor 11) and how does it relate to hemophilia?
Factor XI deficiency is also known as Hemophilia C. It's a rare bleeding disorder caused by low levels or a complete lack of clotting factor 11 (factor XI). Without enough of this protein, the body has a harder time stopping bleeding. Here's how Hemophilia C Show Full Answer
What is Factor XI (Factor 11) and how does it relate to hemophilia?
Factor XI deficiency is also known as Hemophilia C. It's a rare bleeding disorder caused by low levels or a complete lack of clotting factor 11 (factor XI). Without enough of this protein, the body has a harder time stopping bleeding. Here's how Hemophilia C differs from Hemophilia A and B:
- Cause: Missing or low clotting factor XI (11)
- Typical bleeding pattern: Bleeding from mucous membranes (like the mouth and nose), or after procedures or surgery
- Inheritance: Autosomal — meaning it's linked to a non-sex chromosome, unlike A and B
- Who it affects: Males and females equally
This is different from Hemophilia A and B, which mostly affect males. How is it inherited?
Hemophilia C is usually passed down through changes (mutations) in the F11 gene. A person can inherit one changed copy from one parent, or two changed copies — one from each parent. Interestingly, both scenarios can cause bleeding symptoms, though they can vary widely from person to person.
A genetic counselor can help understand the risk of inheriting or passing on Hemophilia C. How is it diagnosed?
Most people with Hemophilia C are diagnosed as adults, often after an episode of uncontrolled bleeding or routine pre-surgery testing. However, those with a known family history may be diagnosed earlier, sometimes even before birth.
It's always worth discussing any concerns about bleeding patterns with a hematologist or a Hemophilia Treatment Center (HTC).
July 26
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