What is Factor XI (Factor 11) and how does it relate to hemophilia?
Factor XI deficiency is also known as Hemophilia C. It's a rare bleeding disorder caused by low levels or a complete lack of clotting factor 11 (factor XI). Without enough of this protein, the body has a harder time stopping bleeding. Here's how Hemophilia Show Full Answer
What is Factor XI (Factor 11) and how does it relate to hemophilia?
Factor XI deficiency is also known as Hemophilia C. It's a rare bleeding disorder caused by low levels or a complete lack of clotting factor 11 (factor XI). Without enough of this protein, the body has a harder time stopping bleeding. Here's how Hemophilia C differs from Hemophilia A and B:
- Cause: Missing or low clotting factor XI (11)
- Typical bleeding pattern: Bleeding from mucous membranes (like the mouth and nose), or after procedures or surgery
- Inheritance: Autosomal — meaning it's linked to a non-sex chromosome, unlike A and B
- Who it affects: Males and females equally
This is different from Hemophilia A and B, which mostly affect males. How is it inherited?
Hemophilia C is usually passed down through changes (mutations) in the F11 gene. A person can inherit one changed copy from one parent, or two changed copies — one from each parent. Interestingly, both scenarios can cause bleeding symptoms, though they can vary widely from person to person.
A genetic counselor can help understand the risk of inheriting or passing on Hemophilia C. How is it diagnosed?
Most people with Hemophilia C are diagnosed as adults, often after an episode of uncontrolled bleeding or routine pre-surgery testing. However, those with a known family history may be diagnosed earlier, sometimes even before birth.
It's always worth discussing any concerns about bleeding patterns with a hematologist or a Hemophilia Treatment Center (HTC).
July 26
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